Topic 6
The fire protection system chapter deal will cover a generic introduction of the followings:
– Fire Alarm Panel system
– Fire Hose reel system
– Wet risers system
In Singapore, the wet risers system or wet rising mains shall be installed in buildings with any floor exceeding habitable height beyond 24m and not exceeding 60m above the ground level. Wet rising main zone heights exceeding 76m may be permitted when a listed pressure regulating device, which controls nozzle pressure under both flow and no flow conditions, is installed at each outlet. In-high rise buildings, the following requirements are also applicable to wet risers:
- The maximum zone height shall not exceed 120m.
- The pressure regulating device is arranged to regulate pressure at the hose valve outlet to a running pressure not exceeding 5.5 bar.
- The pressure on the inlet side of the pressure regulating device does not exceed the working pressure rating of the device.
- All other pipe fittings and devices on the system are rated for not less than the maximum system pressure
– Dry risers system
–Fire hydrant system
There are two common classifications of fire hydrants in Singapore. They are:
- Public hydrants
- Private hydrants
Public hydrants (painted fully red) are hydrants that are installed along the roads by the Authority. Private hydrants (with 100mm yellow band painted on the pillar) are hydrants that are provided and installed by the building owner or developer.
Provision of private hydrants
- Where so required by the Fire Authority shall be provided within the perimeter of the building lot after consultations with the regulating authorities.
- Fire hydrants should be positioned to be within 100m from an entry to any building on the lot and mot more than 100m apart. In the case of a building where rising mains are installed, the 100m distance may be measured up to the breeching inlets of the rising mains.
- Fire hydrants should be included as part of a ring fire main system if there is a ring fire main system.
Additional factors should also be considered:
- The proximity of nearby public fire hydrants
- Fire hydrants should preferably be sited immediately adjacent to access roads of suitable hard standing facilities capable of accommodating Singapore Civil Defence Fire Authority (SCDF)’s appliances.
- They should normally be not less than 6m clearance from the building or from the risk so that they remain usable during a fire.
- The location and access to the fire hydrant are unlikely to be obstructed by the parking, loading and unloading of vehicles, landscaping, etc
- Protection from mechanical damage
Effective Capacity of water storage tanks
The effective capacity of the water storage tanks is the capacity of usable water that could be stored in the tanks. The effective capacity is determined by multiplying the area of the storage tanks and the effective height of the tank. The overall tank capacity is always bigger than the effective capacity. This is because the effective height of the tank is always less than the overall height of the tank.
For non-residential development (based on floor area of the biggest floor) and less than 1000 square meter, two fire hydrants are required to be installed. The water supply for hydrants to be used should not less than 38l/s at 3.5 bar for 1st hydrant and 19l/s at 3.5 bar for the 2nd hydrant for a duration of 45 minutes water supply for water storage tank.
For every subsequent increase of 1000 square meter of floor area, an additional hydrant is required and for each subsequent hydrant, 19l/s will be added to the common supply for the hydrant for a duration of 45 minutes water supply for water storage tank
For further details, please refer to SS CP48 on code of practice on water services and SS CP 29 on Fire hydrant systems and hose reels.